A Brief History of Matcha
A Brief History of Matcha
The development and cultivation of green tea is thought to have begun sometime in the Tang Dynasty (7-10th century) where the tea was harvested and formed into tea bricks which were created for storage and for the efficient transportation of the tea over long distances.
Initially the tea was prepared by roasting and pulverizing, then followed by decocting the resulting tea powder in hot water, adding salt. From these origins the process evolved until the grinding of steamed green tea became popular in the Song Dynsaty (10th–13th Century). The method of making powdered tea from steam-prepared dried tea leaves, and preparing the beverage by whipping the tea powder and hot water together in a bowl became popular in the latter part of the 12th century.
Preparation and consumption of powdered tea was formed into a ritual by Zen Buddhists, who cultivated the green tea plant, called "sencha", by growing it under shade conditions thus maximizing the therapeutic benefits of the green tea, or what became known as "Matcha".
What began as a "sencha" plant, evolved into what is known as "tencha", the basis for this highly revered and carefully cultivated shade grown green tea plant.
The Zen Buddhists were very aware of the meditational benefits of this "Matcha" green tea, which brought to them a greater sense of clarity and well-being.
They found that in drinking this tea before their afternoon meditations that it enabled them to be much more "centered", "focused", and maintain a level of sustained energy throughout the afternoon which they had never experienced before. This special green tea eventually became known as "Matcha, the Ceremonial tea of the temple high priests".
Even the warriors, the "Shogun," saw the remarkable benefits of this "ceremonial" tea, for it gave them that extra sustained energy and mental acuity. Whenever possible, this was their "ceremonial" drink prior to going into battle.
Zen Buddhism and along with it the Chinese methods of preparing powdered tea, were brought to Japan in 1191 by the monk, Eisai.
Powdered tea was slowly forgotten in China, but in Japan it continued to be an important item at Zen monasteries.
Along with this development, tea plantation owners in Japan continued to perfect the process for developing and maximizing the most potent and therapeutically beneficial Matcha.
Matcha was extremely precious and was produced only in tiny quantities so that only the SHOGUN and nobility were able to drink Matcha. However, in 1738, Sohen Nagatani came on the scene and invented the "uji" green tea processing method. This method is still in practice and use today, and it enabled a much more efficient process to create this revered "Matcha". Matcha, the ceremonial tea of the shogun and nobility, now became more available to the public. Prior to this groundbreaking process of creating Matcha tea, only a handful of merchants had been approved to process and create Matcha. Because of this the general populace at large drank only what was called, Bancha (Houjicha), which has a brown color, and which was much more bitter to taste and lacked that beautiful resilient green color of the precious Matcha tea.
Sohen Nagatani wanted the common people of Japan to be able to have access to not only brown but also this highly revered "ceremonial" or "matcha" green tea. Nagatani began to teach the farmers the secret of this "uji" processing method which had a tremendous impact on the development of the entire Uji region of Kyoto; bringing this highly revered tea to the people.